Apple Xsan 1.4 Bedienungsanleitung

Xsan 2Administrator’s Guide

10 Preface About This Book What’s New in Xsan 2Xsan 2 offers these new features and capabilities:Â The Xsan Admin application has been redesigned

100 Chapter 6 Managing Metadata Controllers

7 1017 Monitoring SAN StatusYou can use Xsan Admin and related command-line tools to check the condition of a SAN and its components.This chapter

102 Chapter 7 Monitoring SAN Status To view a component’s status and configuration information:m Open Xsan Admin, click the Inspector button at th

Chapter 7 Monitoring SAN Status 103 Checking Free Space on a VolumeThere are several ways to see how much space is available on a SAN volume.To che

104 Chapter 7 Monitoring SAN Status Checking Free Space on a Storage PoolIn addition to checking free space on a volume, you can check free space

Chapter 7 Monitoring SAN Status 105 To view usage graphs:m In Xsan Admin, click the Graphs button at the top of the window. Use the three pop-up me

106 Chapter 7 Monitoring SAN Status Viewing Xsan LogsYou can use Xsan Admin to view the informational and diagnostic messages that Xsan writes to

Chapter 7 Monitoring SAN Status 107 Checking Volume ClientsYou can use Xsan Admin to see a summary of which clients are using a volume.To see how m

108 Chapter 7 Monitoring SAN Status Checking for Fibre Channel Connection FailuresFibre Channel connection failures or errors are recorded in the

8 1098 Solving SAN ProblemsThis chapter provides solutions to common problems you might encounter while working with a SAN.Look here for solution

Preface About This Book 11 Getting Additional InformationNotation ConventionsThe following conventions are used in this book wherever shell command

110 Chapter 8 Solving SAN Problems If You’re Unable to Mount a Volume on a Client Try restarting the client computer, and then try again. Check

Chapter 8 Solving SAN Problems 111 If You’re Unable to Add a Storage PoolThere are some reserved names you can’t use to name a storage pool. If you

112 Chapter 8 Solving SAN Problems If a Client is Unable to Use a Volume After a Fibre Channel InterruptionIf a client loses its Fibre Channel con

Chapter 8 Solving SAN Problems 113 If the Capacity of a Larger LUN is Listed as 2 TerabytesIf a LUN that doesn’t yet belong to a storage pool is li

114 Chapter 8 Solving SAN Problems

115AAppendixA Combining Xsan Controllers and StorNext ClientsThis appendix shows how to connect Windows, Solaris, UNIX, AIX, IRIX, or Linux clie

116 Appendix A Combining Xsan Controllers and StorNext Clients Compatible Software VersionsThis table shows which versions of Xsan and StorNext con

Appendix A Combining Xsan Controllers and StorNext Clients 117 Using Xsan Controllers with StorNext ClientsYou can use Quantum’s StorNext software

118 Appendix A Combining Xsan Controllers and StorNext Clients

119BAppendixB Using the Command LineThis appendix describes Xsan shell commands and configuration files you can use to work with a SAN from the

12 Preface About This Book

120 Appendix B Using the Command Line Viewing the Man PagesDetailed documentation for Xsan command-line utilities is available in UNIX-style man pa

Appendix B Using the Command Line 121 5 Run the installer on the headless computer:Â If you want to install the Xsan file system and Xsan Admin app

122 Appendix B Using the Command Line To execute a single command and return to the shell prompt:$ sudo cvadmin [-H host] [-F volume] -e ["]co

Appendix B Using the Command Line 123 quotas [yes|no] Enable or disable quotas for the active (selected) volume. Use the command without any parame

124 Appendix B Using the Command Line Manipulating Affinity Tags (cvaffinity)Use the cvaffinity command to assign an affinity tag to a folder or a

Appendix B Using the Command Line 125 ExamplesCopy the file friday to /datasets/data1/july/:$ cvcp friday /datasets/data1/julyCopy the folder /data

126 Appendix B Using the Command Line Labeling, Listing, and Unlabeling LUNs (cvlabel)Use the cvlabel command to initialize LUNs so they can be add

Appendix B Using the Command Line 127 Creating a Folder and Assigning an Affinity (cvmkdir)Use the cvmkdir command to create a folder (directory) a

128 Appendix B Using the Command Line Initializing a Volume (cvmkfs)Use the cvmkfs command to initialize an Xsan volume based on the information in

Appendix B Using the Command Line 129 To list files that are candidates for defragmentation:$ snfsdefrag -l [-D] [-v] [-K affinity] [-m count] [-r]

1 131 Overview of XsanThis chapter gives you an overview of Xsan and storage area networks.Read this chapter for an overview of Xsan and how you

130 Appendix B Using the Command Line Controlling the Xsan File System (xsanctl)Use the xsanctl command to control basic Xsan file system functions

Appendix B Using the Command Line 131 Viewing LogsThe system log to which Xsan writes information about SANs is in /var/log/system.log.Volume logs

132 Appendix B Using the Command Line

133GlossaryGlossaryaffinity A relationship between a folder on an Xsan volume and one or more storage pools that provide storage for the volume

134 Glossary file system server See FSS.fill An Xsan storage pool allocation strategy. In a volume consisting of more than one storage pool, Xsan fi

Glossary 135 RAID Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks. A grouping of multiple physical hard disks into a disk array, which either p

136 Glossary stripe breadth An Xsan storage pool property. The number of bytes of data, expressed as a number of file system blocks, that Xsan writes

137IndexIndexAaccesspermissions for folders 80read-only volumes 82unmounting a volume 81access control list. See ACLsACLsenabling and disabli

138 Index configuration requirements 24monitoring connection failures 108supported switches 24fileslimit per volume 21maximum size 21name length

Index 139 RRAID schemes for LUNs 30read-only volumes 82refresh interval, Xsan Admin 41repairing a volume 68round robinvolume allocation strategy

14 Chapter 1 Overview of Xsan An Xsan SAN consists of: Shared data volumes RAID systems that provide storage space that is protected against dis

140 Index XXsan Admininstalling 51remote SAN management 52Xsan Admin applicationand firewalls 41overview 41preferences 41refresh interval 41xsan

Chapter 1 Overview of Xsan 15 Metadata ControllersWhen you set up an Xsan SAN, you assign at least one computer to act as the metadata controller.

16 Chapter 1 Overview of Xsan How Xsan Storage Is OrganizedAlthough an Xsan volume mounted on a client computer looks like a single disk, it actua

Chapter 1 Overview of Xsan 17 If the standard RAID arrays on your RAID systems are not right for your application, you can use the RAID system mana

18 Chapter 1 Overview of Xsan More than one storage pool may have the same affinity tag. Xsan distributes the contents of a folder with a particul

Chapter 1 Overview of Xsan 19 Folders with AffinitiesTo control which storage pools are used to store specific files (for example, to provide diffe

K Apple Inc.© 2008 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written

20 Chapter 1 Overview of Xsan SecurityThere are several ways you can control access to a SAN volume:Â Unmount a volume on client computers that sh

Chapter 1 Overview of Xsan 21 Xsan CapacitiesThe following table lists limits and capacities for Xsan volumes.Parameter MaximumNumber of computers

22 Chapter 1 Overview of Xsan

2 232 Planning a Storage Area NetworkThis chapter lists Xsan hardware and software requirements and offers planning guidelines and performance ti

24 Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network Supported Operating SystemsYou can install Xsan 2 only on computers with Mac OS X v10.5 Leopard or Ma

Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network 25 Fabric ConfigurationYou must connect the computers, storage devices, and switches in your Fibre Channe

26 Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network Directory ServicesIf you plan to use user and group privileges to control access to files and folders

Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network 27 Important: If you create users and groups on each SAN computer, be sure that: Â Each user or group ha

28 Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network  How do you want to present available storage to users? What storage organization makes the most se

Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network 29 How Should Users See Available Storage?If you want the users working on a particular project to see a

3 1 Contents Preface 9 About This Book10 What’s New in Xsan 2 10 Version Compatibility 10 Upgrading from an Earlier Version of Xsan 11 Getting

30 Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network  Choose a different primary metadata controller for each volume, and set up volume failover prioriti

Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network 31 Most RAID systems support all popular RAID levels. Each RAID scheme offers a different balance of perf

32 Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network Assigning LUNs to Affinity TagsWhen you create a volume using a preset volume type that fits your SAN

Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network 33 Choosing Metadata ControllersYou must choose at least one computer to be the SAN metadata controller,

34 Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network If you set up a custom volume with more than one storage pool, you can choose which storage pool is u

Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network 35 Â Use two separate networks—one for metadata and another for all other IP traffic. This configuration

36 Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network If Your Fibre Channel Fabric Is Running Slower Than ExpectedThe following paragraphs list things you

Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network 37 Connecting RAID Systems to an Ethernet NetworkFor best performance, don’t connect RAID controller Ethe

38 Chapter 2 Planning a Storage Area Network When RAID controller write caching is enabled, a request to write data is considered finished as soon

3 393 Setting Up a Storage Area NetworkThis chapter shows step by step how to set up a shared volume on an Xsan SAN.This chapter explains how to

4 Contents 27 Outgoing Mail Service 27 Planning Your SAN 28 Planning Considerations and Guidelines 34 Planning the Ethernet TCP/IP Network 35 Using a

40 Chapter 3 Setting Up a Storage Area Network Using Server Assistant to Configure Controllers You can use the Mac OS X Server setup assistant, Se

Chapter 3 Setting Up a Storage Area Network 41 Using Xsan AdminYou use the Xsan Admin application (installed in /Applications/Server/) to set up an

42 Chapter 3 Setting Up a Storage Area Network Setting Up an Xsan Volume on a Storage Area NetworkStep 1: Set Up the Fibre Channel Networkm Conne

Chapter 3 Setting Up a Storage Area Network 43 Step 3: Configure SAN Computers to Use a Time Serverm To ensure consistent time metadata across all

44 Chapter 3 Setting Up a Storage Area Network Later, in the “Add User Accounts” pane, you have the option of creating some user accounts. The Mac

Chapter 3 Setting Up a Storage Area Network 45 New RAID systems are usually preconfigured as a set of RAID arrays that are ready to use as LUNs. Fo

46 Chapter 3 Setting Up a Storage Area Network If you’re setting up new metadata controller, or a controller on which you have just performed a cl

Chapter 3 Setting Up a Storage Area Network 47 Step 8: Configure the SANYou use Xsan Admin to configure the SAN. The first time you use Xsan Admin

48 Chapter 3 Setting Up a Storage Area Network  Use same authentication information for all SAN computers: Select this option to have Xsan Admin

Chapter 3 Setting Up a Storage Area Network 49 Step 9: Create a VolumeWhen the Xsan setup assistant finishes basic SAN configuration, it asks if y

Contents 5 59 Setting Up a Folder Affinity 60 Changing a Folder’s Storage Pool Affinity 60 Removing an Affinity 61 Changing Advanced Volume Settings

50 Chapter 3 Setting Up a Storage Area Network  Spotlight: Enable this if you want Macintosh clients to be able to search the contents of the vo

Chapter 3 Setting Up a Storage Area Network 51 For information about creating additional volumes, see “Adding a Volume to a SAN” on page 58.Step 10

52 Chapter 3 Setting Up a Storage Area Network Removing a SANFollow these steps to take a SAN out of service, removing its metadata controllers, c

4 534 Managing SAN StorageYou can use Xsan Admin and related command-line tools to expand, add, modify, check, and repair SAN volumes.This chapte

54 Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage Preparing LUNsEach LUN in an Xsan volume is a RAID array. The way you set up your arrays depends on the storage

Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage 55 Adding LUNs to a Storage PoolYou can increase the size of a SAN volume by adding LUNs (RAID arrays or array slice

56 Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage To add a LUN to a storage pool:1 If you haven’t already done so, connect the RAID system that hosts the LUN to t

Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage 57 Adding a Storage Pool to a VolumeYou can add free space to a SAN volume by adding a storage pool to the volume.If

58 Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage Adding a Volume to a SANA single Xsan SAN can provide access to multiple volumes.To add a volume:1 In Xsan Admin

Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage 59 Setting Up a Folder AffinityEvery storage pool in a volume has an affinity tag. You can use the tag to be sure th

6 Contents89 Creating Local Home Folders for Network Accounts90 Accessing Client Computers Remotely90 Controlling a Client Using Screen Sharing91 Con

60 Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage Changing a Folder’s Storage Pool AffinityYou can use Xsan Admin to change a folder’s affinity so all new files p

Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage 61 Changing Advanced Volume SettingsIf your SAN volume has special configuration requirements, you can change the st

62 Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage Setting the Block Allocation SizeXsan uses the volume block allocation size together with the storage pool strip

Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage 63 Changing the Volume Allocation StrategyYou can change the allocation strategy for a volume to choose how storage

64 Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage Changing the Windows ID MappingIf you have Windows clients on your SAN, this setting determines how they map use

Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage 65 Renaming a VolumeTo change the name of a volume, you need to reinitialize the volume with the new name. You can’t

66 Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage Setting the Storage Pool Stripe BreadthXsan uses both the storage pool stripe breadth and the volume block alloc

Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage 67 Checking Volume FragmentationWhen you create a file, Xsan divides the file into pieces and distributes these piec

68 Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage Checking the Integrity of a VolumeIf SAN users are having trouble accessing files, you can use the cvfsck comman

Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage 69 4 Check the volume to see if additional repairs are required:$ sudo cvfsck -vn volume5 If the report generated in

Contents 711 2 If You’re Unable to Add LUNs to a Storage Pool11 3 If the Capacity of a Larger LUN is Listed as 2 Terabytes11 3 If File Copying Doesn’t

70 Chapter 4 Managing SAN Storage

5 715 Managing Clients and UsersYou can use Xsan Admin and related command-line tools to add, control, and remove client computers and their user

72 Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users Adding a ClientBefore a computer can use a SAN volume, you need to add the computer to the SAN as a client

Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users 73 Adding an Xsan Serial NumberIf you have purchased additional Xsan software serial numbers for client comput

74 Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users Moving a Client to a Different SANYou can move a client from one Xsan SAN to a different SAN on the same E

Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users 75 Mounting a Volume on a ClientVolumes are automatically mounted on SAN computers when you create the volumes

76 Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users Changing Mount OptionsYou can use Xsan Admin to adjust settings that can affect volume access performance.

Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users 77 Managing Users and GroupsDepending on how you first set up your SAN, you can manage users and groups using

78 Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users Adding SAN UsersOnly users in the SAN’s directory can log in to a client computer and access Xsan volumes.

Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users 79 Deleting SAN UsersOnly users in the SAN’s directory can log in to a client computer and access Xsan volumes

8 Contents

80 Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users Changing Group MembershipYou can use Xsan Admin to change the members of a group at any time.Note: These

Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users 81 3 Select the file or folder you want to protect and choose Set Permissions from the Action (gear) pop-up me

82 Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users Restricting a Client to Read-Only AccessTo prevent a user on a client computer from modifying data on a SA

Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users 83 Removing a Client from a SANYou can remove a client computer from a SAN to prevent it from accessing SAN vo

84 Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users Mapping Windows User and Group IDsYou can use the Windows ID Mapping setting for a volume to specify how W

Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users 85 Setting SAN User and Group QuotasYou can use Xsan Admin to set quotas to manage the amount of storage avail

86 Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users If your Xsan computers connect to another Mac OS X Server for user and group accounts, use Workgroup Manag

Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users 87 ExampleSuppose you assign Aldo a soft quota of 75 GB, a hard quota of 100 GB, and a grace period of 48 hour

88 Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users To view quota status:m In Xsan Admin, select “Users and Groups” or Quotas in the SAN Assets list. (You see

Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users 89 Helping Clients Check Their Own QuotasSAN users who work on client computers but don’t have access to Xsan

9PrefaceAbout This BookUse this guide to learn how to use Xsan 2 set up and manage volumes on a storage area network.This guide shows how to use

90 Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users Accessing Client Computers RemotelyXsan Admin can help you connect to an Xsan client computer so you can o

Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users 91 If you have trouble sharing the screen of a remote computer, check the Sharing pane of System Preferences o

92 Chapter 5 Managing Clients and Users

6 936 Managing Metadata ControllersTo increase SAN security and redundancy, you can add, switch, and monitor Xsan metadata controllers.Every SAN

94 Chapter 6 Managing Metadata Controllers Adding a Metadata ControllerYou can add one or more standby controllers to a SAN so that volumes are st

Chapter 6 Managing Metadata Controllers 95 Setting Controller Failover PriorityWhen the primary metadata controller for a volume fails, Xsan uses t

96 Chapter 6 Managing Metadata Controllers Finding Out Which Controller Is Hosting a VolumeControl of a volume can move from one metadata controll

Chapter 6 Managing Metadata Controllers 97 Listing the Volumes Hosted by a ControllerYou can use Xsan Admin or the cvadmin command to find out whic

98 Chapter 6 Managing Metadata Controllers Accessing Controller Computers RemotelyXsan Admin can help you connect to an Xsan controller so you can

Chapter 6 Managing Metadata Controllers 99 Connecting to a Controller Using SSH in TerminalYou can use the Secure Shell (SSH) tool from the command